In response to the outbreak of Chandipura Virus and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in Gujarat, the central government has deployed a multidisciplinary team of experts. This action follows a high-level review meeting that highlighted the need for comprehensive studies in Gujarat due to the limited role of infectious agents in AES cases nationwide.
Team Composition and Objectives
The central team includes specialists from the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD). Their primary tasks are epidemiological, environmental, and entomological assessments to better understand the outbreak and its spread.
Epidemiological Assessment
This involves studying how diseases spread within populations, which is essential for identifying control and prevention measures. Understanding the epidemiology of the outbreak will help in implementing effective interventions.
Environmental Assessment
This assessment focuses on environmental factors such as climate and sanitation that may contribute to the outbreak. Identifying these factors can lead to better prevention strategies.
Entomological Assessment
Studying vectors like sand flies and ticks, which transmit the Chandipura Virus, is crucial for developing control strategies. This assessment will help in understanding the vector ecology and implementing measures to control their population.
Collaborative Efforts
Dr. Atul Goel, Director General of Health Services (DGHS) of the Union Health Ministry and head of NCDC, along with experts from AIIMS, Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, and NIMHANS, joined officials from central and state surveillance units to review the situation in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh.
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Chandipura Virus (CHPV)
AES is characterized by a range of neurological symptoms caused by various infectious agents, including viruses like Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Dengue, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Chandipura Virus (CHPV). CHPV, part of the Rhabdoviridae family, causes outbreaks primarily during the monsoon season and affects children under 15, leading to febrile illnesses with a high mortality rate.
Current Status and Statistics
As of July 20, 2024, Gujarat has reported 75 AES cases across 21 districts, with a total of 78 cases in three states. Among these, 28 deaths have occurred, including nine CHPV-positive cases and five associated fatalities in Gujarat.
Preventive Measures and Public Awareness
Given the lack of specific treatment for Chandipura Virus, the focus is on vector control, hygiene, and public awareness. Early referral of suspected AES cases to designated medical facilities can significantly improve patient outcomes. The government emphasizes the importance of these measures to curb the spread of the virus.
The central government’s proactive approach in deploying an expert team to Gujarat underscores the seriousness of the Chandipura Virus and AES outbreak. Comprehensive assessments and collaborative efforts are essential to tackle the situation effectively and prevent further spread.
